Which lasting influence did ancient Romans have on modern society?

The lasting influence of the ancient Romans on modern society can be seen significantly in the development of republican democracy. Ancient Rome established a system of governance that included elected representatives, a Senate, and various checks and balances. This model of government inspired many modern political systems, particularly in the design of democratic institutions where citizens have the right to vote for their representatives.

The principles of republican governance, such as the rule of law, the separation of powers, and civic participation, laid the groundwork for contemporary democracies. This influence can be observed in many nations around the world, where the importance of elected representation echoes the Roman Republic's ethos.

While ancient Rome contributed to various aspects of culture and society—including literacy, architectural styles such as the usage of columns, and forms of governance—none have resonated as profoundly in shaping modern political systems as the concept of republican democracy. This emphasis on representative government fosters a political environment where individuals can actively engage in their governance, reflecting the values laid down by the Romans.