Which amendment prevents the government from quartering troops in private homes?

The Third Amendment specifically addresses the issue of quartering troops in private homes, stating that no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. This was a direct response to the practices during the British colonial period when soldiers would forcibly take shelter in the homes of colonists, leading to a desire to protect individual privacy and property rights. The Third Amendment highlights the importance of consent and property rights, emphasizing that homeowners cannot be compelled to provide lodging to soldiers without their agreement.

The other amendments mentioned—like the Seventh Amendment, which deals with the right to a jury trial in civil cases, or the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures—do not address the issue of quartering troops. Similarly, the Ninth Amendment, which recognizes that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not mean that others do not exist, also does not pertain to this specific matter. Thus, the Third Amendment is the one that directly prevents the government from quartering troops in private homes, making it the correct answer to the question.